Let’s break it down.

What you think of as ‘sunshine’ is actually a combination of three different kinds of ultraviolet rays – UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC rays are absorbed by the ozone layer and do not enter the atmosphere, so you don’t have to worry about them. However, both UVA and UVB do penetrate the atmosphere and play an important role in conditions that we could really do without (like premature skin aging, eye damage, cataracts, and skin cancer).

These rays damage both the outer and inner layers of the skin. UVA rays – the more abundant of the two forms – are generally less intense (but no less damaging). They penetrate deep into the dermis – the skin’s thickest layer – and lead to premature skin aging, wrinkling, and a suppressed immune system. Meanwhile, UVB rays burn the shallower layers of the skin – the epidermis – and are responsible for skin reddening, sunburn, and over time, skin cancer.

Sunscreen!

Get your hands on a “Broad Spectrum” sunscreen/sunblock with an SPF or Sun Protection Factor of 15 to 50 and make it your best friend. Choose an SPF rating of 15 to 20 for daily use, and save the 30 to 50 one for those sunny weekend trips.

S.P.F stands for Sun Protection Factor, a measure of a sunscreen’s ability to do its job and prevent harmful UV rays from damaging the skin.

Here’s how it works: If it takes 20 minutes for your unprotected skin to start turning red, using an SPF 15 sunscreen theoretically prevents reddening 15 times longer — about five hours.

So if a sunscreen with SPF 15 can protect you for 5 hours, can one with an SPF of a 100 protect you for…33 hours?

Turns out, not quite! Yes, an SPF level of 30-50 is much stronger than one that’s 15-20, an SPF level greater than 50 will not give you much additional UVB protection. In fact, there are several problems with SPFs over 50!

For one, higher SPF products have higher concentrations of sun-filtering chemicals that are more likely to cause allergic skin reactions. High SPF products may also lull users into a false sense of security, and tempt them to apply too little sunscreen and frolic in the sun for far too long.

Don’t believe us? Here’s something to consider. An SPF of 50 blocks 98% of ultraviolet rays, while an SPF of 100 blocks 99% of ultraviolet rays.  Don’t think that extra 1% is worth all that risk.

You bet your bottom dollar there is.

While mom may have slathered you in sunscreen, the recommended amount is actually around one fluid ounce (the size of a shot glass) for the whole body. So while applying it as war paint might not do you any more good, applying a pea-sized amount might not do enough.

Remember to apply sunscreen least 30 minutes before you head out, and reapply every 2 hours or after exposure to water. Sunscreen should be the one of most important tools in your beauty arsenal.

That being said, you don’t have to hide from the sun completely. Most dermatologists recommend getting about 10-30 minutes a day of sunlight without sunblock to maintain adequate levels of Vitamin D (essential to grow and maintain strong bones).

Sunscreen aside, there are several things you can do to minimize the effect of the sun on your skin.

Try wearing protective clothing and sunglasses during the hours of 9:30 am and 4 pm when the suns rays are strongest. Make a large hat with a minimum of a 2-inch rim your best accessory. Tint the glass of your car (to the darkest shade allowed by the law). And make sure to eat a healthy diet full of antioxidant-rich foods, to prevent sunburn.

Not all sunscreens are created equal. When shopping for one, look for brands that contain zinc oxide – a key ingredient in blocking UVA and UVB rays. Natural ingredients such as coconut oil, shea butter, vitamin E and almond oil are also great in sunscreen and do the double duty of nourishing and protecting your skin.

Make sure that you sunscreen does not include ingredients like OMC (Octyl methoxycinnamate), xxybenzone, and Vitamin A (also packaged as retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate, retinyl linoleate and retinol). While Vitamin A is great for combating skin aging, it’s also highly photosensitive, i.e. not to be used in the presence of sunlight.